Prostatitis: causes, provoking factors, methods of treatment

The prostate gland synthesizesimmunoglobulins, use specific secretions to regulate sperm consistency, control the process of urination and ejaculation. The penetration of pathogens into the cavity of this organ provokes inflammation of the prostate - an inflammation that occurs in acute or chronic form.

Causes and mechanism of the disease

Prostatitis begins with the penetration and multiplication of pathogens in the cavity of the organ. These are extracellular pathogens or their own microflora from the surface of the skin or mucous membranes:

• colibacillus;
• Proteus;
• enterococcus;
• staphylococcus;
• enterobacteria;
• Pneumococcus.

In the presence of STDs or infectious diseases of the internal organs, the following may enter the prostate gland:

• pale treponema;
• ureaplasma;
• Trichomonas;
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
• kochi bacillus.

In the prostate, the pathogenic flora is brought up from the urethra in an ascending manner. Uncommonly - through the bloodstream or lymph flow from the infected organ. Several provoking factors influence the rate of disease development and the intensity of symptoms:

• anomalies in the structure of the bladder neck;
• urethral strictures;
• consequences of postoperative catheterization;
• decreased immunity in the background of chronic and systemic diseases, hypothermia, physical overload, hard work;
• violation of pelvic blood and lymph outflow;
• unscrupulous or irregular sex.

The active blood supply and the moist, closed environment of the prostate cavity promote the unimpeded growth of pathogens. The secretion produced by the gland thickens, and its outflow causes confusion. Infiltration gradually accumulates in the lumen, inflammation progresses.

The course of acute prostatitis

Primary inflammation usually develops acutely. On average, the patient feels clinical signs 5-7 days after infection. His symptoms are vivid, impossible not to notice:

• intense constant pain in the perineal region, radiating to the scrotum, penis, anus;
• diuresis disorders: frequent, painful urination, false desires, slow, intermittent disturbed urine flow:
• pungent or purulent discharge from the urethra with a pungent unpleasant odor;
• general intoxication: chills, sudden rise in body temperature, physical weakness, weakness.

The majority of people with acute prostatitis have impaired sexual function. Excitement is either completely absent or does not lead to a normal erection and intercourse. Sperm may contain pus or blood.

The symptoms of bacterial prostatitis depend on the morphological changes and stages of the disease:

• The onset of catarrhal inflammation affects the organs of the organ and leads to the appearance of deep dull pain. Fever is usually absent, health is generally satisfactory.
• The inflammatory process grips one or both lobes of the gland - follicular prostatitis progresses. The tissues swell, the amount of infiltrate in the lumen increases. The pain is constantly tormented, intensified with movement. Difficulty urinating.
• The parenchymal stage occurs when the entire body of the prostate is affected. The function of the bladder and rectum is difficult because the inflamed, swollen walls of the gland are strongly compressed. The pain in the perineum becomes unbearable. Purulent and bloody impurities appear in the urine, and the body temperature rises to 39 ° C and higher.

Delay in treatment causes chronic diseases. Complications are possible: urethral obstruction, fistulas, abscesses, pyelonephritis, sepsis.

Chronic prostatitis

It develops from untreated acute, but more often develops as a stand-alone disease. Slow inflammation is caused by an inadequate immune response to the penetration of infection, few pathogenic microorganisms, or the aseptic nature of the disease. In the latter case, the pathology is provoked by the stagnation of secretions, disturbances in the structure of the prostate tissues and the permeability of its channels.

Signs of chronic bacterial prostatitis poisoning and severe pain occur only with exacerbations. During the latency period, the disease presents with periodic urinary disorders and physical discomfort. At night, after the cold, they make the toilet more often. Diuresis is sometimes accompanied by a mild burning sensation. Erectile dysfunction is common.

Chronic prostatitis can last for years with occasional flares. It leads to the formation of fibrous areas in the parenchyma in the long run, provoking the development of impotence, infertility and oncological tumors.

How to diagnose and treat prostatitis

If you suspect an inflammation of the prostate, consult a urologist. The putative diagnosis is confirmed by bacterial culture of gland secretion. If it is impossible to obtain, a smear from the urethra, urine sample, eye fluid is examined. In addition to sowing bacteria, blood and urine tests are performed, and prostate ultrasound is performed.

Treatment of acute infectious prostatitis is performed in a clinical setting at the Department of Urology.

• The main focus is on suppressing the pathogen, relieving inflammation and preventing complications. The patient prescribes a course of antibiotics. Injections of drugs from the group of tetracyclines, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, or penicillins are used, depending on which infection caused the disease. Duration of therapy: from several days to 2-4 weeks.
• Muscle relaxants, anti-inflammatory analgesics and antispasmodics are comprehensively prescribed to restore urinary function and alleviate acute symptoms.
• The specific therapy is supplemented with vitamin and mineral preparations and immunomodulators.

In the early stages, uncomplicated inflammation is completely cured.

Chronic prostatitis does not require hospitalization. The patient performs antibiotic therapy at home, subject to the necessary restrictions.

In parallel, treatment should be given for possible provocative diseases: bronchitis, pyelonephritis, cholecystitis, urogenital infections.

The main treatment without exacerbation is supplemented by physiotherapy methods: ultrasound procedures, magnetotherapy, laser exposure.

Alcohol, hot spices, marinades, pickles, fatty, canned and smoked foods should be excluded during therapy. It is recommended to include fresh herbs, vegetables, nuts, fish, lean meat in the diet.

The success of the treatment of the chronic form in each case depends on the duration of the disease, the existing organic tissue damage, and the concomitant disorders of kidney and bladder function.